<?php

/**
 * This file is part of CodeIgniter 4 framework.
 *
 * (c) CodeIgniter Foundation <admin@codeigniter.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view
 * the LICENSE file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace CodeIgniter\Validation;

use Closure;
use CodeIgniter\HTTP\IncomingRequest;
use CodeIgniter\HTTP\RequestInterface;
use CodeIgniter\Validation\Exceptions\ValidationException;
use CodeIgniter\View\RendererInterface;
use Config\Validation as ValidationConfig;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use TypeError;

/**
 * Validator
 */
class Validation implements ValidationInterface
{
    /**
     * Files to load with validation functions.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $ruleSetFiles;

    /**
     * The loaded instances of our validation files.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $ruleSetInstances = [];

    /**
     * Stores the actual rules that should
     * be ran against $data.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $rules = [];

    /**
     * The data that should be validated,
     * where 'key' is the alias, with value.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $data = [];

    /**
     * Any generated errors during validation.
     * 'key' is the alias, 'value' is the message.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $errors = [];

    /**
     * Stores custom error message to use
     * during validation. Where 'key' is the alias.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $customErrors = [];

    /**
     * Our configuration.
     *
     * @var ValidationConfig
     */
    protected $config;

    /**
     * The view renderer used to render validation messages.
     *
     * @var RendererInterface
     */
    protected $view;

    /**
     * Validation constructor.
     *
     * @param ValidationConfig $config
     */
    public function __construct($config, RendererInterface $view)
    {
        $this->ruleSetFiles = $config->ruleSets;

        $this->config = $config;

        $this->view = $view;
    }

    /**
     * Runs the validation process, returning true/false determining whether
     * validation was successful or not.
     *
     * @param array|null  $data    The array of data to validate.
     * @param string|null $group   The predefined group of rules to apply.
     * @param string|null $dbGroup The database group to use.
     */
    public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, ?string $dbGroup = null): bool
    {
        $data ??= $this->data;

        // i.e. is_unique
        $data['DBGroup'] = $dbGroup;

        $this->loadRuleSets();
        $this->loadRuleGroup($group);

        // If no rules exist, we return false to ensure
        // the developer didn't forget to set the rules.
        if (empty($this->rules)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Replace any placeholders (e.g. {id}) in the rules with
        // the value found in $data, if any.
        $this->rules = $this->fillPlaceholders($this->rules, $data);

        // Need this for searching arrays in validation.
        helper('array');

        // Run through each rule. If we have any field set for
        // this rule, then we need to run them through!
        foreach ($this->rules as $field => $setup) {
            // Blast $rSetup apart, unless it's already an array.
            $rules = $setup['rules'] ?? $setup;

            if (is_string($rules)) {
                $rules = $this->splitRules($rules);
            }

            if (strpos($field, '*') !== false) {
                $values = array_filter(array_flatten_with_dots($data), static fn ($key) => preg_match(
                    '/^'
                    . str_replace(['\.\*', '\*\.'], ['\..+', '.+\.'], preg_quote($field, '/'))
                    . '$/',
                    $key
                ), ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
                // if keys not found
                $values = $values ?: [$field => null];
            } else {
                $values = dot_array_search($field, $data);
            }

            if ($values === []) {
                // We'll process the values right away if an empty array
                $this->processRules($field, $setup['label'] ?? $field, $values, $rules, $data);

                continue;
            }

            if (strpos($field, '*') !== false) {
                // Process multiple fields
                foreach ($values as $dotField => $value) {
                    $this->processRules($dotField, $setup['label'] ?? $field, $value, $rules, $data, $field);
                }
            } else {
                // Process single field
                $this->processRules($field, $setup['label'] ?? $field, $values, $rules, $data);
            }
        }

        return $this->getErrors() === [];
    }

    /**
     * Runs the validation process, returning true or false
     * determining whether validation was successful or not.
     *
     * @param array|bool|float|int|object|string|null $value
     * @param string[]                                $errors
     */
    public function check($value, string $rule, array $errors = []): bool
    {
        $this->reset();

        return $this->setRule('check', null, $rule, $errors)->run(['check' => $value]);
    }

    /**
     * Runs all of $rules against $field, until one fails, or
     * all of them have been processed. If one fails, it adds
     * the error to $this->errors and moves on to the next,
     * so that we can collect all of the first errors.
     *
     * @param array|string $value
     * @param array|null   $rules
     * @param array|null   $data          The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
     * @param string|null  $originalField The original asterisk field name like "foo.*.bar".
     */
    protected function processRules(
        string $field,
        ?string $label,
        $value,
        $rules = null,
        ?array $data = null,
        ?string $originalField = null
    ): bool {
        if ($data === null) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('You must supply the parameter: data.');
        }

        if (in_array('if_exist', $rules, true)) {
            $flattenedData = array_flatten_with_dots($data);
            $ifExistField  = $field;

            if (strpos($field, '.*') !== false) {
                // We'll change the dot notation into a PCRE pattern that can be used later
                $ifExistField   = str_replace('\.\*', '\.(?:[^\.]+)', preg_quote($field, '/'));
                $dataIsExisting = false;
                $pattern        = sprintf('/%s/u', $ifExistField);

                foreach (array_keys($flattenedData) as $item) {
                    if (preg_match($pattern, $item) === 1) {
                        $dataIsExisting = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $dataIsExisting = array_key_exists($ifExistField, $flattenedData);
            }

            unset($ifExistField, $flattenedData);

            if (! $dataIsExisting) {
                // we return early if `if_exist` is not satisfied. we have nothing to do here.
                return true;
            }

            // Otherwise remove the if_exist rule and continue the process
            $rules = array_diff($rules, ['if_exist']);
        }

        if (in_array('permit_empty', $rules, true)) {
            if (
                ! in_array('required', $rules, true)
                && (is_array($value) ? $value === [] : trim((string) $value) === '')
            ) {
                $passed = true;

                foreach ($rules as $rule) {
                    if (preg_match('/(.*?)\[(.*)\]/', $rule, $match)) {
                        $rule  = $match[1];
                        $param = $match[2];

                        if (! in_array($rule, ['required_with', 'required_without'], true)) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        // Check in our rulesets
                        foreach ($this->ruleSetInstances as $set) {
                            if (! method_exists($set, $rule)) {
                                continue;
                            }

                            $passed = $passed && $set->{$rule}($value, $param, $data);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($passed === true) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            $rules = array_diff($rules, ['permit_empty']);
        }

        foreach ($rules as $i => $rule) {
            $isCallable = is_callable($rule);

            $passed = false;
            $param  = false;

            if (! $isCallable && preg_match('/(.*?)\[(.*)\]/', $rule, $match)) {
                $rule  = $match[1];
                $param = $match[2];
            }

            // Placeholder for custom errors from the rules.
            $error = null;

            // If it's a callable, call and get out of here.
            if ($this->isClosure($rule)) {
                $passed = $rule($value, $data, $error, $field);
            } elseif ($isCallable) {
                $passed = $param === false ? $rule($value) : $rule($value, $param, $data);
            } else {
                $found = false;

                // Check in our rulesets
                foreach ($this->ruleSetInstances as $set) {
                    if (! method_exists($set, $rule)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $found  = true;
                    $passed = $param === false
                        ? $set->{$rule}($value, $error)
                        : $set->{$rule}($value, $param, $data, $error, $field);

                    break;
                }

                // If the rule wasn't found anywhere, we
                // should throw an exception so the developer can find it.
                if (! $found) {
                    throw ValidationException::forRuleNotFound($rule);
                }
            }

            // Set the error message if we didn't survive.
            if ($passed === false) {
                // if the $value is an array, convert it to as string representation
                if (is_array($value)) {
                    $value = $this->isStringList($value)
                        ? '[' . implode(', ', $value) . ']'
                        : json_encode($value);
                } elseif (is_object($value)) {
                    $value = json_encode($value);
                }

                $param = ($param === false) ? '' : $param;

                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line $error may be set by rule methods.
                $this->errors[$field] = $error ?? $this->getErrorMessage(
                    $this->isClosure($rule) ? $i : $rule,
                    $field,
                    $label,
                    $param,
                    (string) $value,
                    $originalField
                );

                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @param Closure|string $rule
     */
    private function isClosure($rule): bool
    {
        return $rule instanceof Closure;
    }

    /**
     * Is the array a string list `list<string>`?
     */
    private function isStringList(array $array): bool
    {
        $expectedKey = 0;

        foreach ($array as $key => $val) {
            // Note: also covers PHP array key conversion, e.g. '5' and 5.1 both become 5
            if (! is_int($key)) {
                return false;
            }

            if ($key !== $expectedKey) {
                return false;
            }
            $expectedKey++;

            if (! is_string($val)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Takes a Request object and grabs the input data to use from its
     * array values.
     */
    public function withRequest(RequestInterface $request): ValidationInterface
    {
        /** @var IncomingRequest $request */
        if (strpos($request->getHeaderLine('Content-Type'), 'application/json') !== false) {
            $this->data = $request->getJSON(true);

            return $this;
        }

        if (in_array(strtolower($request->getMethod()), ['put', 'patch', 'delete'], true)
            && strpos($request->getHeaderLine('Content-Type'), 'multipart/form-data') === false
        ) {
            $this->data = $request->getRawInput();
        } else {
            $this->data = $request->getVar() ?? [];
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sets an individual rule and custom error messages for a single field.
     *
     * The custom error message should be just the messages that apply to
     * this field, like so:
     *
     *    [
     *        'rule' => 'message',
     *        'rule' => 'message',
     *    ]
     *
     * @param array|string $rules
     *
     * @return $this
     *
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public function setRule(string $field, ?string $label, $rules, array $errors = [])
    {
        if (! is_array($rules) && ! is_string($rules)) {
            throw new TypeError('$rules must be of type string|array');
        }

        $ruleSet = [
            $field => [
                'label' => $label,
                'rules' => $rules,
            ],
        ];

        if ($errors) {
            $ruleSet[$field]['errors'] = $errors;
        }

        $this->setRules($ruleSet + $this->getRules(), $this->customErrors);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Stores the rules that should be used to validate the items.
     * Rules should be an array formatted like:
     *
     *    [
     *        'field' => 'rule1|rule2'
     *    ]
     *
     * The $errors array should be formatted like:
     *    [
     *        'field' => [
     *            'rule' => 'message',
     *            'rule' => 'message
     *        ],
     *    ]
     *
     * @param array $errors // An array of custom error messages
     */
    public function setRules(array $rules, array $errors = []): ValidationInterface
    {
        $this->customErrors = $errors;

        foreach ($rules as $field => &$rule) {
            if (is_array($rule)) {
                if (array_key_exists('errors', $rule)) {
                    $this->customErrors[$field] = $rule['errors'];
                    unset($rule['errors']);
                }

                // if $rule is already a rule collection, just move it to "rules"
                // transforming [foo => [required, foobar]] to [foo => [rules => [required, foobar]]]
                if (! array_key_exists('rules', $rule)) {
                    $rule = ['rules' => $rule];
                }
            }
        }

        $this->rules = $rules;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns all of the rules currently defined.
     */
    public function getRules(): array
    {
        return $this->rules;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if the rule for key $field has been set or not.
     */
    public function hasRule(string $field): bool
    {
        return array_key_exists($field, $this->rules);
    }

    /**
     * Get rule group.
     *
     * @param string $group Group.
     *
     * @return string[] Rule group.
     *
     * @throws ValidationException If group not found.
     */
    public function getRuleGroup(string $group): array
    {
        if (! isset($this->config->{$group})) {
            throw ValidationException::forGroupNotFound($group);
        }

        if (! is_array($this->config->{$group})) {
            throw ValidationException::forGroupNotArray($group);
        }

        return $this->config->{$group};
    }

    /**
     * Set rule group.
     *
     * @param string $group Group.
     *
     * @throws ValidationException If group not found.
     */
    public function setRuleGroup(string $group)
    {
        $rules = $this->getRuleGroup($group);
        $this->setRules($rules);

        $errorName = $group . '_errors';
        if (isset($this->config->{$errorName})) {
            $this->customErrors = $this->config->{$errorName};
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the rendered HTML of the errors as defined in $template.
     *
     * You can also use validation_list_errors() in Form helper.
     */
    public function listErrors(string $template = 'list'): string
    {
        if (! array_key_exists($template, $this->config->templates)) {
            throw ValidationException::forInvalidTemplate($template);
        }

        return $this->view
            ->setVar('errors', $this->getErrors())
            ->render($this->config->templates[$template]);
    }

    /**
     * Displays a single error in formatted HTML as defined in the $template view.
     *
     * You can also use validation_show_error() in Form helper.
     */
    public function showError(string $field, string $template = 'single'): string
    {
        if (! array_key_exists($field, $this->getErrors())) {
            return '';
        }

        if (! array_key_exists($template, $this->config->templates)) {
            throw ValidationException::forInvalidTemplate($template);
        }

        return $this->view
            ->setVar('error', $this->getError($field))
            ->render($this->config->templates[$template]);
    }

    /**
     * Loads all of the rulesets classes that have been defined in the
     * Config\Validation and stores them locally so we can use them.
     */
    protected function loadRuleSets()
    {
        if (empty($this->ruleSetFiles)) {
            throw ValidationException::forNoRuleSets();
        }

        foreach ($this->ruleSetFiles as $file) {
            $this->ruleSetInstances[] = new $file();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Loads custom rule groups (if set) into the current rules.
     *
     * Rules can be pre-defined in Config\Validation and can
     * be any name, but must all still be an array of the
     * same format used with setRules(). Additionally, check
     * for {group}_errors for an array of custom error messages.
     *
     * @return array
     *
     * @throws ValidationException
     */
    public function loadRuleGroup(?string $group = null)
    {
        if (empty($group)) {
            return [];
        }

        if (! isset($this->config->{$group})) {
            throw ValidationException::forGroupNotFound($group);
        }

        if (! is_array($this->config->{$group})) {
            throw ValidationException::forGroupNotArray($group);
        }

        $this->setRules($this->config->{$group});

        // If {group}_errors exists in the config file,
        // then override our custom errors with them.
        $errorName = $group . '_errors';

        if (isset($this->config->{$errorName})) {
            $this->customErrors = $this->config->{$errorName};
        }

        return $this->rules;
    }

    /**
     * Replace any placeholders within the rules with the values that
     * match the 'key' of any properties being set. For example, if
     * we had the following $data array:
     *
     * [ 'id' => 13 ]
     *
     * and the following rule:
     *
     *  'required|is_unique[users,email,id,{id}]'
     *
     * The value of {id} would be replaced with the actual id in the form data:
     *
     *  'required|is_unique[users,email,id,13]'
     */
    protected function fillPlaceholders(array $rules, array $data): array
    {
        $replacements = [];

        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            $replacements["{{$key}}"] = $value;
        }

        if ($replacements !== []) {
            foreach ($rules as &$rule) {
                $ruleSet = $rule['rules'] ?? $rule;

                if (is_array($ruleSet)) {
                    foreach ($ruleSet as &$row) {
                        if (is_string($row)) {
                            $row = strtr($row, $replacements);
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (is_string($ruleSet)) {
                    $ruleSet = strtr($ruleSet, $replacements);
                }

                if (isset($rule['rules'])) {
                    $rule['rules'] = $ruleSet;
                } else {
                    $rule = $ruleSet;
                }
            }
        }

        return $rules;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if an error exists for the given field.
     */
    public function hasError(string $field): bool
    {
        $pattern = '/^' . str_replace('\.\*', '\..+', preg_quote($field, '/')) . '$/';

        return (bool) preg_grep($pattern, array_keys($this->getErrors()));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the error(s) for a specified $field (or empty string if not
     * set).
     */
    public function getError(?string $field = null): string
    {
        if ($field === null && count($this->rules) === 1) {
            $field = array_key_first($this->rules);
        }

        $errors = array_filter($this->getErrors(), static fn ($key) => preg_match(
            '/^' . str_replace(['\.\*', '\*\.'], ['\..+', '.+\.'], preg_quote($field, '/')) . '$/',
            $key
        ), ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);

        return $errors === [] ? '' : implode("\n", $errors);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the array of errors that were encountered during
     * a run() call. The array should be in the following format:
     *
     *    [
     *        'field1' => 'error message',
     *        'field2' => 'error message',
     *    ]
     *
     * @return array<string, string>
     *
     * @codeCoverageIgnore
     */
    public function getErrors(): array
    {
        return $this->errors;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the error for a specific field. Used by custom validation methods.
     */
    public function setError(string $field, string $error): ValidationInterface
    {
        $this->errors[$field] = $error;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to find the appropriate error message
     *
     * @param string|null $value The value that caused the validation to fail.
     */
    protected function getErrorMessage(
        string $rule,
        string $field,
        ?string $label = null,
        ?string $param = null,
        ?string $value = null,
        ?string $originalField = null
    ): string {
        $param ??= '';

        // Check if custom message has been defined by user
        if (isset($this->customErrors[$field][$rule])) {
            $message = lang($this->customErrors[$field][$rule]);
        } elseif (null !== $originalField && isset($this->customErrors[$originalField][$rule])) {
            $message = lang($this->customErrors[$originalField][$rule]);
        } else {
            // Try to grab a localized version of the message...
            // lang() will return the rule name back if not found,
            // so there will always be a string being returned.
            $message = lang('Validation.' . $rule);
        }

        $message = str_replace('{field}', empty($label) ? $field : lang($label), $message);
        $message = str_replace(
            '{param}',
            empty($this->rules[$param]['label']) ? $param : lang($this->rules[$param]['label']),
            $message
        );

        return str_replace('{value}', $value ?? '', $message);
    }

    /**
     * Split rules string by pipe operator.
     */
    protected function splitRules(string $rules): array
    {
        if (strpos($rules, '|') === false) {
            return [$rules];
        }

        $string = $rules;
        $rules  = [];
        $length = strlen($string);
        $cursor = 0;

        while ($cursor < $length) {
            $pos = strpos($string, '|', $cursor);

            if ($pos === false) {
                // we're in the last rule
                $pos = $length;
            }

            $rule = substr($string, $cursor, $pos - $cursor);

            while (
                (substr_count($rule, '[') - substr_count($rule, '\['))
                !== (substr_count($rule, ']') - substr_count($rule, '\]'))
            ) {
                // the pipe is inside the brackets causing the closing bracket to
                // not be included. so, we adjust the rule to include that portion.
                $pos  = strpos($string, '|', $cursor + strlen($rule) + 1) ?: $length;
                $rule = substr($string, $cursor, $pos - $cursor);
            }

            $rules[] = $rule;
            $cursor += strlen($rule) + 1; // +1 to exclude the pipe
        }

        return array_unique($rules);
    }

    /**
     * Resets the class to a blank slate. Should be called whenever
     * you need to process more than one array.
     */
    public function reset(): ValidationInterface
    {
        $this->data         = [];
        $this->rules        = [];
        $this->errors       = [];
        $this->customErrors = [];

        return $this;
    }
}
